Set up One of many valid kelly pool racks: The 1 ball is at the apex of the rack and is on the foot spot, the 2 is in the corner to the racker's right, and the 3 ball in the left corner, with all other balls placed randomly, and all balls touching. The BCA publishes a long-standardized set of rules for the game. The game is designed for group play with a minimum of two players, best suited for four to six, but allowing up to 15 to take part. Kelly pool accommodates players with a wide variety of skill levels. Ritter, From the Annals of Sports Gameplay The first games were played in that city at the Hannah and Hoggs Billiard Hall on Madison St. Its inventor, Celestus Mulvaney, was of Irish origin, but invented the game in 1893 in Chicago. You may not be surprised to learn that Kelly Pool was neither invented by a man named Kelly nor is it of Irish origin. As Simpson is quoted in the book Sports in the Pulp Magazines by John A. Ritter in the publication From the Annals of Sports. Although there is a given-name discrepancy, additional illumination is provided by Simpson M. The census records Mulvaney's age in 1910 as 56, his birthdate as "about 1854", his birthplace as Wisconsin, his spouse's name as Kate, and his area of residence at that time as Chicago Ward 14, Cook Co., Illinois. As part of the same household, Mulvaney's brother-in-law's listing appears on the same census page, with his occupation and position identically recorded. In Calistus Mulvaney's entry in the 1910 United States Census (pictured at right), his occupation is listed as "billiard hall emp" and his position there as "keeper". He was born at Fox Lake Wis sixty-five years ago." He was widely known as the father of 'Kelly pool' and better known as Kelly Mulvaney than Calistus. The obituary, entitled "Originated 'Kelly Pool '", states that: ". for thirty five years was identified with Kelly pool in the loop district . Further information is provided in a NovemIndianapolis Star obituary for one Calistus Mulvaney, who is listed as having died the preceding day. Keough, a well-known Chicago sportswriter of 31 years. The quote is attributed in the article to Hugh E. Origins Detail from 1910 United States Census listing Calistus Mulvaney, the "Father of kelly pool" Īccording to an article which appeared in the June 29, 1913, edition of the Chicago Tribune, "Kelly pool was invented by Kelly Mulvaney". The predecessor to the BCA, the National Billiard Association, meanwhile, holds that the expression simply emanates from the fact that the 8 ball, being black-colored, is harder to see than other balls, thus resulting in an association with any difficult position. Some publications assume the expression to be eponymously derived from the game of eight-ball, but the expression came into use before eight-ball was popularized. Many billiard-specific and etymological sources point to kelly pool, or an early version of the game called kelly rotation, as the origin of the common idiom, " behind the eight-ball". Until 1964, in fact, playing the game was a fineable offense in Montana. Authorities in various parts of the United States at times called for a moratorium on the game's play. Mentions of it were at one time common in US newspapers, often painting it in a negative light, as its play was considered a stronghold of gambling. Reportedly invented by Chicagoan Calistus "Kelly" Mulvaney in 1893, kelly pool was a popular game during the early to mid-20th century. In the instance where pills are unavailable, a cloth may be used to cover the balls, which are then chosen blindly, recorded, and replaced for play. In the second, in addition to the goal of pocketing one's secret ball, points are scored in various ways. In the simpler form, the object of play starts and ends with the goal of pocketing one's secret ball. Two rule variants are set forth under rules promulgated by the Billiard Congress of America (BCA). In order to pocket the cue ball, the player must contact the lowest ball first and in the same shot, pocket the cue ball. If a player draws the number 16, this player is assigned the cue ball. Kelly pool is a rotation game, which means that players must contact the lowest numbered object ball on each shot first until the opportunity to pocket their own is presented. Gameplay involves players each drawing one of 16 numbered markers called peas or pills at random from a shake bottle, which assigns to them the correspondingly numbered pool ball, kept secret from their opponents, but which they must pocket to win the game. Kelly pool (also known as pea pool, pill pool, keeley, the keilley game, and killy) is a pool game played on a standard pool table using a standard set of 16 pool balls. Pool table game A leather shake bottle and plastic pills or peas as used in kelly pool
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